The perinatal period, encompassing pregnancy and the first year after childbirth, is a transformative time for many families. However, up to 25% of women are diagnosed with a PMAD during this time. These disorders include Postpartum Depression (PPD), Anxiety (PPA), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Bipolar Disorders, and Psychosis. The prevalence of these conditions underscores a significant public health issue, with profound implications not only for the women affected but also for their families and communities.

Data Highlights the Need for Action

• Black mothers are twice as likely to experience PMADs and half as likely to receive treatment compared to their white counterparts.
•  Over 50% of all postpartum depression cases in the U.S. go undiagnosed.
• Prevalence and Severity of PMADs Issues: In the United States, one in five women experiences mental health or substance use disorders during the perinatal period, covering pregnancy and the year following childbirth. Postpartum depression is particularly common, characterized by sadness, fear, and feelings of worthlessness. More severe cases can manifest as perinatal psychosis with symptoms such as extreme mood swings and hallucinations, sometimes leading to tragic outcomes like suicide or infanticide.
• Leading Cause of Maternal Mortality: Perinatal mental health conditions are the leading cause of maternal mortality in the U.S., accounting for 23% of such deaths, with higher rates observed among Black and Native American women. This contrasts with other causes, such as excess bleeding, which accounts for 14% of maternal deaths.
• Treatment Gaps and Barriers: A significant concern is that 75% of those suffering from PMADs issues do not receive treatment. Barriers include inadequate screening practices, the prevalence of maternity care deserts (areas with limited to no access to maternal care), and intense social stigma that deters women from seeking help. Additionally, personal shame and the public portrayal of motherhood as a purely joyful time prevent many from recognizing or acknowledging their struggles.
• Socio-political and Environmental Factors: Various factors exacerbate PMADs conditions, including hormonal changes, genetic predisposition, sleep deprivation, and inadequate support for breastfeeding. Social determinants like poverty, domestic violence, and racism also significantly increase stress levels and the risk of mental health issues. The COVID-19 pandemic notably worsened conditions for many, leading to increased demand for perinatal support groups.
• Challenges in Healthcare Provision: There is a glaring shortage of specialized care. This is compounded by the fact that fewer than 20% of perinatal patients report being screened for mental health issues during their care, despite recommendations for multiple screenings.
• Personal Stories and Advocacy: Personal accounts highlight the profound impact of PMADs conditions on individuals and families. For instance, women have shared how feelings of failure and comparisons to idealized portrayals of motherhood on social media deepened their distress. Advocates emphasize that understanding and addressing PMADs issues is not just about treating individuals but supporting entire families and the broader community.